Blatter, Quantum metrology with a transmon qutrit, Phys. In this respect we utilize the conjectures by Lloyd 6.įurther, a principal possibility of occurring of the time reversal was discussed in 20. This is implemented experimentally by modeling a real system, the electron scattered on the two-level systems, on the IBM quantum computer. We show that the time-reversal complexity of the developed quantum state scales linearly with the dimension of the Hilbert space swept by the system in the course its forward time evolution, but that one can devise an administering supersystem artificially. In what follows, we quantify the complexity of the preparation of the time-reversed quantum state and the probability of its spontaneous emergence. We expect that if irreversibility emerges even in the systems that simple, than, even, more it should appear in the more complex systems.
#G. b. lesovik free#
We show that even the evolution of these single- or two-particle states in a free space generates the complexity that renders spontaneous time reversal either highly improbable or actually impossible. As an illustration, we use the simplest systems of a single- or two particles subject to electromagnetic fluctuations. In most of the cases, such a supersystem cannot materialize spontaneously. To make the time reversal possible, one would need a supersystem manipulating the quantum system in question. We demonstrate that this emerging anti-unitarity predicates that the universal time reversal operation does not spontaneously appear in nature. Here, in the spirit of quantum mechanics, we elaborate on the implications of the Wigner’s result 30 that time reversal operation is anti-unitary because it requires complex conjugation. In 28 the arrow of time dilemma was addressed from the point of view system-observer considerations, but later this approach was criticized in 29. A solely quantum mechanical aspect of the problem was stressed by Landau 26 and von Neumann 27 who related irreversiblity to the process of a macroscopic measurement. From the slightly different perspective this question was discussed in the seminal work by Zurek 25, who looked at the irreversibility issue from the angle of the loss of predictability with the time. Most of the above works were based in a good part on thermodynamic considerations. Even in a quantum system initially not correlated with an environment, the local violation of the Second Law can occur, as it was demonstrated, with the mathematical rigor 23, in the framework of the quantum channel theory 24.
#G. b. lesovik full#
Moreover, the full quantum treatment have shown theoretically 20, 21 and later experimentally 22 that the presence of initial mutual correlations between subparts of a quantum system may lead to a local violation of thermodynamical laws and hence to the thermodynamic arrow of time reversal. The quantum systems were discussed in 18 where the positive entropy production rate was experimentally demonstrated on a single spin-1/2 particle, while in 19 the negative entropy production rate in the presence of a Maxwell’s Demon was observed for spin-1/2 quantum system.
In particular, it was quantitatively described and shown experimentally that in a finite temporal interval the time reversed dynamics can emerge 17. One of them is a statistical mechanics view discussing the irreversibility problem in the context of the fluctuation theorem 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. Intense researches revealed several aspects of this problem.
A fundamental question of the origin of irreversibility of time emerged already in classical statistical physics 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and has been remaining ever since a subject of an continuous attention 6, 7, 8.
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